![]() ![]() Hoard evidence suggests a date of 47-46 BC and Crawford (93) thus associates the issue with Caesar’s African campaign. As he was in the East between 48 and September 47 BC, any initiatives for new coinage probably did not come until he returned to Italy. By 46 BC he had dedicated a temple to Venus Genetrix (Venus the Procreator) in his new forum. Caesar had used ‘Venus Victrix’ (Venus the victory-bringer) as his watchword on the day of the battle and had vowed her a temple (Appian Civil Wars 2.68). In 48 BC Caesar defeated Pompey at Pharsalus. The date is presumably between 48 and 46 BC. The theme of the ancestry of Caesar is reinforced here with the representation of Aeneas’ rescue of his father and of sacred objects from Troy. It was struck by a military mint travelling with Caesar in Africa. This issue was struck in large numbers and is considered to represent Caesar’s war coinage for the campaign in Africa against the Pompeians. ( Palladium = statue of Minerva, left, wearing plumed helmet and carrying small round shield and long spear.) On right, CAESAR (downwards). Rev.: Aeneas fleeing l., holding palladium in right hand carrying Anchises on his left shoulder. Gospel of Thomas Ī similar episode occurs in the Gospel of Thomas (verse 100), but there the coin in question is gold.Obv.: Head of Venus r., diademed, wearing necklace hair in knot, falling in two locks. ![]() Another suggestion often made is the denarius of Augustus with Gaius and Lucius on the reverse, while coins of Julius Caesar, Mark Antony and Germanicus are all considered possibilities. However, it has been suggested by some scholars that denarii were not in common circulation in Judaea during Jesus' lifetime and that the coin was more probably an Antiochan tetradrachm bearing the head of Tiberius, with Augustus on the reverse. The reverse shows a seated female, usually identified as Livia depicted as Pax. The inscription reads "Ti Caesar Divi Avg F Avgvstvs" ("Caesar Augustus Tiberius, son of the Divine Augustus"), claiming that after death Augustus had become a god. It is this coin that is sold and collected as the "tribute penny", and the Gospel story is an important factor in making this coin attractive to collectors. ![]() The Greek text uses the word dēnarion, and it is usually thought by scholars that coin was a Roman denarius with the head of Tiberius. One interpretation of the relevant passages is that the Pharisee or "spy" asking Jesus whether Roman taxes/tribute should be paid was attempting to entrap him into admitting his opposition to doing so, and that upon seeing that the coin was a tribute penny, Jesus avoided the trap by saying to it should be given back to Caesar, because it is was anyway. The tribute penny was the coin that was shown to Jesus when he made his famous speech " Render unto Caesar." The phrase comes from the King James Version of the gospel account: Jesus is asked, "Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?" ( Mark 12:14) and he replies, "bring me a penny, that I may see it" ( Mark 12:15). The Tribute Money, by Titian (1516), depicts Jesus being shown the tribute penny Coin given to Jesus during his "Render unto Ceasar" speech Denarius of the Emperor Tiberius, commonly referred to as "the Tribute Penny". ![]()
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